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Dido and Aeneas
''Dido and Aeneas'' (Z. 626)〔"Z" refers to the Zimmerman catalogue of Purcell's works by the American musicologist Franklin B. Zimmerman〕 is an opera in a prologue and three acts, written by the English Baroque composer Henry Purcell with a libretto by Nahum Tate. The dates of the composition and first performance of the opera are uncertain. It was composed no later than July 1688,〔White, Bryan, 'Letter from Aleppo: dating the Chelsea School performance of Dido and Aeneas', 426〕 and had been performed at Josias Priest's girls' school in London by the end of 1689.〔White, Bryan, 'Letter from Aleppo: dating the Chelsea School performance of Dido and Aeneas', 417〕 Some scholars argue for a date of composition as early at 1684.〔Pinnock, Andrew, ‘Which Genial Day? More on the court origin of Purcell’s Dido and Aeneas, with a shortlist of dates for its possible performance before King Charles II’, Early Music 43 (2015), 199-212〕〔Bruce Wood and Andrew Pinnock, "`Unscared by turning times'? The dating of Purcell's Dido and Aeneas,"〕 The story is based on Book IV of Virgil's ''Aeneid''.〔 It recounts the love of Dido, Queen of Carthage, for the Trojan hero Aeneas, and her despair when he abandons her. A monumental work in Baroque opera, ''Dido and Aeneas'' is remembered as one of Purcell's foremost theatrical works.〔Price in ''Grove''〕 It was also Purcell's first opera, as well as his only all-sung dramatic work. One of the earliest English operas, it owes much to John Blow's ''Venus and Adonis'', both in structure and in overall effect.〔 The influence of Cavalli's opera ''Didone'' is also apparent.
==Background and context==
Before ''Dido and Aeneas,'' Purcell composed music for several stage works, including nine pieces for Nathaniel Lee's ''Theodosius, or The Force of Love'' (1680) and eight songs for Thomas d'Urfey's ''A Fool's Preferment'' (1688). He also composed songs for two plays by Nahum Tate (later the librettist of Dido and Aeneas), ''The Sicilian Usurper'' (1680) and ''Cuckold-Haven'' (1685). ''Dido and Aeneas'' was Purcell's first (and only) all-sung opera and derives from the English masque tradition.
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